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What is HAZWOPER and What is its Purpose? Many people have heard of HAZWOPER, and others are excessively familiar with the term as they use it all the time. HAZWOPER is the acronym used for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Rescue. It is a set of rules and regulations which have been developed and implemented by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under legislation enacted by congress to safeguard the health of workers working in and exposed to hazardous substances in their workplace. So, what exactly is HAZWOPER all about, what does it mean for employees, and what is its exact purpose? Let us help you unravel all that is HAZWOPER and better understand its background and purpose. HAZWOPER Definition Let us start with the definition. HAZWOPER is the short form used for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Rescue. Through the HAZWOPER standards, OSHA regulates all hazardous waste operations and emergency services in the United States and its territories. The idea behind the HAZWOPER standard is to regulate the operations and activities of workers employed by hazardous waste operators and emergency rescue service organizations. Thus, the HAZWOPER standards enable workers to adopt proper and appropriate procedures to safely handle, store, transport, cleanup, and dispose of hazardous materials that they may work with as part of their job responsibilities. Development of the HAZWOPER Standard OSHA was formed under the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act after President Richard Nixon signed it into law in 1970. The predominant purpose of OSHA was to propagate and administer health and safety guidelines and standards to protect employees while at work. To fulfill this purpose and to address the need to safeguard workers employed in various industries, as well as worker exposure to countless hazards in the workplace, OSHA segregated its regulatory standards into four broad categories. These are: General Industry – covered under 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910); Construction Industry – covered under 29 CFR 1926; Maritime Industry (shipyards, marine terminals, longshoring) – covered under 29 CFR 1915 to 1919); and Agriculture Industry – covered under 29 CFR 1928. As time went by, OSHA continued to develop and implement standards to meet the needs under the OSH Act and to fulfill its organizational directives. Then, in 1986, when President Reagan signed into law the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), OSHA was required to develop, implement, and monitor regulations aimed at protecting employees engaged in Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER). This brought about the development of the HAZWOPER standard. SARA also was relevant to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and congress required the EPA to develop regulations aligned to the OSHA HAZWOPER standard. Thus, where there is no state-approved OSHA Plan, employers are required to follow the EPA HAZWOPER regulations to protect their workers from injury and illness prevalent due to hazardous material usage in the workplace. Today, OSHA has several regulatory standards dedicated to different work aspects and associated hazard exposures that workers may possibly encounter while fulfilling their job tasks. In instances where hazards are present in the workplace, but no specific regulatory standard addresses these hazards, OSHA advocated following the General Duty Clause. The HAZWOPER Standards OSHA’s initial proposed HAZWOPER standard was introduced in 1987 and covered under 52 Federal Register (FR) 29620. The final HAZWOPER standard was published in 1989 under 54 FR 9294-9336. OSHA’s HAZWOPER standard became effective on March 6, 1990, covered under 29 CFR 1926.65 and 29 CFR 1910.120 for the construction and general industry categories, respectively. It is worth noting that both standards are identical and aim to effectively protect workers when handling hazardous substances. Organizations/Employers Covered by the HAZWOPER Standard According to the section on the HAZWOPER standard on the OSHA website, the HAZWOPER standard covers employers performing the following general categories of work operations: Hazardous waste site cleanup operations; Operations involving hazardous waste conducted at treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facilities; and Emergency response operations involving hazardous substance releases. (OSHA, n.d). Key Elements of the HAZWOPER Standard The HAZWOPER standard uses distinct and specific language to specify its requirements that employers are required to strictly adhere to. The following are the key elements that form the HAZWOPER standard: Site Analysis – to be performed to ascertain the existence and scope of any hazards at a worksite. Medical Surveillance – employees must be given both pre-employment and post-employment medical evaluations. Employees working in the longer term with hazardous materials must also be sent for medical evaluation at periodic intervals. This is especially important when workers are required to wear respirators to protect against toxins and other air contaminants at the worksite. Implementation of the Hierarchy of Controls – Elimination, Substitution, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, Work Practice Controls, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Air Monitoring – both area and personal air monitoring to be done before work begins, while work is ongoing, and during and after cleanup of a hazardous waste site. Decontamination Procedures – decontamination procedures are to be strictly followed when workers wear PPE to carry out work tasks at the worksite. Emergency Response Plans – employers must have an emergency response plan in place and ensure workers are aware of the relevant information so that they can act accordingly in case of an emergency. Informational Programs for employees – such as regular meetings and access to hazard-related documents such as safety data sheets (SDSs), health and safety plans, etc. Training to be given to Employees. HAZWOPER Training Requirements Training employees is a critical element of the HAZWOPER standard. The standard has set different training levels for employees involved in various occupations at hazardous waste sites and for different exposure levels. In total, OSHA has developed 18 training programs and segregated these HAZWOPER training programs into three main levels. The employee training covers both onsite and online training. Section (E) Training covers training for general site workers engaged in operations conducted at hazardous waste sites that may or may not expose them to hazardous substances. Section (P) Training covers training for workers engaged in certain hazardous waste operations conducted under the RCRA and at treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facilities. Section (Q) Training covers training for workers engaged in emergency response operations for release of, or substantial threat of release of, hazardous substances without regard to the location of the hazard. For more details on the HAZWOPER training requirements, read our blog titled HAZMAT and HAZWOPER: What is the Difference? Who Needs HAZWOPER Training? Any employee working with hazardous substances, whether on a permanent or temporary basis, and engaged in work operations where they handle, store, treat, or dispose of hazardous materials should be given HAZWOPER training. Workers who may be exposed to, or potentially exposed to,  hazardous substances should also be given adequate training by employers. Workers exposed to contaminated substances at hazardous waste sites that exceed the Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) and wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) must also be provided with HAWOPER training. For more details refer to the HAZWOPER standard on training. Training Offered by HAZWOPER-OSHA for Workers to Become HAZWOPER Certified The following training courses are offered by us: Section (e) training programs - the OSHA 40-Hour HAZWOPER initial training, the OSHA 24-Hour HAZWOPER initial training, and the OSHA 8-Hour HAZWOPER refresher training. We also offer both Section (p) training courses - the OSHA 24-Hour HAZWOPER – RCRA TSD Operations Training and the OSHA 8-Hour HAZWOPER Annual Refresher – RCRA TSD Operations Training. Enroll in the HAZWOPER Section (e) or HAZWOPER Section (p) training courses today to safeguard your employees while on the worksite. Choose the training course that most suits your training needs. We offer this training in three formats - online training, in-person on-site group training, and virtual instructor-led training (ILT). Reference: OSHA. (n.d). Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER). Background. Website. https://www.osha.gov/emergency-preparedness/hazardous-waste-operations

Effective Respiratory Protection: How to Choose a Suitable Respirator For those familiar with the Hierarchy of Controls developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to determine the most effective control measures to be adopted in the workplace, you will also realize that respirator protection falls within the purview of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, while PPE may be considered as the last level for the protection of the health and safety of workers, respirators and other types of PPE are still widely used across industries to safeguard the health of workers working with hazardous substances. Furthermore, according to OSHA, any employer (workplace) requiring employees to use respirators for protection from fumes, dusts, gases, smoke, low oxygen levels, etc., must comply with OSHA’s Respiratory Protection Standard 29 CFR 1910.134. Today, the COVID-19 pandemic has made respiratory protection still more widespread. Now, not only do workers across industries exposed to hazardous materials, dangerous chemicals, and other non-conducive safe breathing environments require respiratory protection, but so do the public who have never once considered wearing a facemask before the year 2020. In fact, the general awareness of respiratory protection has considerably increased in this pandemic year, and with it, the utter chaos and confusion as to the types of facemask and/or respirators to use for optimal protection. So, how do we choose the “right” type of respirator dependent on factors such as personal health levels, occupations, and exposure to hazardous atmospheres? Read on and learn more. Choosing the Right Type of Facemask to Protect Against COVID-19 Fabric Masks Surgical/Medical Masks N95 Masks or Filtering Facepiece (FFP) Made of cotton or synthetic fabric, maybe one, two, or three layers. Made of three layers of synthetic nonwoven materials with filtration layers sandwiched in the middle. Uses an electrostatic filter to capture particles, including viruses. Some N95-masks have valves. Degree of Protection Protects others from the wearer's respiratory emissions and offers the wearer some protection. Protects others from the wearer's respiratory emissions and offers the wearer some protection. Protects others from respiratory emissions and reduces wearer's exposure to particles. Effectiveness Ranges between 26% to 80% depending on the type of fabric used and the number of layers. Greater protection than fabric masks but lower protection than an N95 mask or equivalent. The N95 mask is 95% effective in blocking both small and large particles. Breathability If made of cotton fabric breathing would not be a problem, but a synthetic fabric may cause difficulty and feel hot. Breathable Would require some practice and getting used to. Breathing may be difficult. Area Covered Nose and Mouth Nose and Mouth Nose and Mouth Fit Can be either tight-fitting or loose-fitting Loose-fitting Tight-fitting, creates a seal Reusability Washable and reusable Single-use Single-use or reusable (depends on the type being used) WHO Recommendation A three-layer structure For healthcare workers, people with Covid-19 symptoms, those coming into contact with them, anyone aged 60 or over, or vulnerable individuals. For healthcare workers taking part in high-risk, aerosol-generating procedures. (Source: LaMotte, 2021) The above table should act as guidance for anyone who wants to protect themselves against the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. Types of Respirators Available to Protect Workers from Hazardous Atmospheres and Environments in the Workplace For employees who must work in areas that have hazardous atmospheres or are at risk of exposure to airborne contaminants from chemicals, radioactive materials, or biological substances, require a higher level of respiratory protection according to OSHA. As such, employers are required to develop a comprehensive Respiratory Protection Program, provide workers with the right fit respirator, and train them on the correct use of these respirators. Below are the two main types of respirators available for use by such workers. Air-Purifying Respirators (APRs) These types of respirators filter the air that is breathed in from the environment. APRs are further categorized as below: Type of Respirators Description Particulate-Removing APRs They use particulate filters to remove dusts, fumes, mists, toxic dusts,  asbestos-containing fibers, or a combination of these from the air being breathed by workers. NIOSH has given 10 different classifications for particulate filters, with each designed for a specific type of airborne contaminant at a particular efficiency rating. Gas and Vapor Removing APRs These are designed with canisters and cartridges that trap the gas and vapors from a hazardous environment before they can enter the workers’ respiratory tract. Different types of canisters and cartridges are used to trap different types of gases and vapors. Combination Cartridge/Filter APRs These types of respirators protect against both particulates as well as gases and vapors. Based on the types of hazards in the atmosphere, different combinations of particulate and gas/vapor cartridges have to be used. Air-Supplying Respirators (ASRs) These types of respirators pump fresh air into the facepiece that is not inhaled from the outside. This means that these respirators have an attached oxygen tank from which air is breathed. ASRs are further categorized as: Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)The SCBA is the most popular type of air-supplying respirators. The SCBA contains a full-piece facemask and a canister that holds the oxygen from which the wearer of the SCBA unit gets his/her breathing air. The canisters are worn on the back. The SCBA equipment can be very heavy, sometimes around 30 pounds, and it requires special training to use. Type of Respirators Description Supplied-Air Respirators (SARs) SARs, also known as airline respirators, receives air from a connecting hose and a distant cylinder or air compressor. So, workers do not have to carry their air on their backs. Besides, respirators can also be classified as tight or loose-fitting, positive or negative pressure, demand or pressure-demand airflow, entry and escape vs. escape only, and open or closed-circuit respirators. Online Training for Workers For those of you who are employed in hazardous waste operations or in industries where the risk of atmospheric contamination or exposure to chemicals is high, information on respiratory protection is part of the training given in the relevant OSHA-compliant online training programs. So, review our course list and enroll in the training that best suits you. However, our OSHA 40-Hour HAZWOPER Training course provides in-depth information on respiratory protection for those who are employed in hazardous waste operations and emergency response!  Reference: LaMotte. S. (2021, January 26). COVID-19 masks: Which mask is best for you, and when to use it? CNN. Website. https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/25/health/covid-19-masks-which-is-best-wellness/index.html

Confined Space Protective Measures Many construction industry workers find themselves working in small spaces with limited ventilation and access. These areas are known as confined spaces, examples of which include manholes, silos, pipelines, columns, and crawl spaces. Work tasks carried out in a confined space can range from building these to structures to undertaking routine tasks such as cleaning, welding, repairing, and inspecting. As confined space environs can be hazardous to employees, they must be trained to understand the inherent hazards of working in confined spaces and be armed with the knowledge required to protect themselves when working in any space which meets the definition of a confined space. To support the occupational health and safety of employees, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has developed a confined space standard that should be followed by construction industry workers whose job tasks necessitate their regular entry into confined spaces. Furthermore, employers are also responsible for ensuring that workers are provided with the necessary training, tools, and equipment when working in confined spaces for their increased safety. Worth noting, are the disparate definitions given by OSHA for a ‘permit-required confined space’ and a ‘non-permit required confined space’. Understanding the difference is critical as the safety measures that must be implemented vary as does the consent given for workers to enter these confined spaces. Before moving onto the section on the protective measures that must be employed to reduce the risk of workers succumbing to widespread dangers that exist in a confined space, this article will briefly explain the difference between a ‘permit-required confined space’ and a  ‘non-permit required confined space’. Permit-Required Confined Space OSHA labels some confined spaces as a ‘permit-required confined space’ or a ‘permit space’. To identify if a confined space meets the requirements of a permit space it should satisfy one or more of the following attributes that would hamper an employee’s capability to leave the confined space in an emergency. Have a hazardous atmosphere or the potential for developing a hazardous atmosphere. Be a space that can cause an engulfment hazard due to the type of goods/substances stores in the area (e.g., silos). Be a space that has walls that narrow the open space at the top as they converge inward or have a downward sloping floor leading to a still smaller area. Be a space that is recognized as comprising safety or health hazards for workers (e.g., very hot temperatures, exposed electrical wires, and/or unguarded machinery and equipment. Thus, such permit-required confined spaces require specific and extensive protective measures and employers must develop extensive health and safety policies and protocols before work begins. Employers must develop a Permit-Required Confined Space Program. Workers who are expected to carry out work tasks must first obtain a permit to be able to enter such a confined space before fulfilling their job responsibilities. They must also adhere to the conditions and restrictions as set out by the permit and the related permit space safety plans of their employer. Non-Permit Required Confined Space Confined spaces that do not satisfy any of the four points mention for being designated as a ‘permit-required confined space’ would still be a confined space, but the potential for atmospheric and physical hazards to workers would be lower, and as such fewer protective measures may be required. Workers do not have to obtain a permit before entering such a confined space, and they can enter such confined spaces without any restrictions. However, employers must remember that this space is still a confined space, and safety plans and precautions must be in place for such spaces before workers begin work. Safety Measures for Confined Spaces The Hierarchy of Controls is a good tool to use to ensure worker health and safety when working in confined spaces. The five levels of controls can be used to eliminate or substitute the hazards in a confined space, and if this is not possible (which unfortunately is more common than most of us realize) then employers can use a combination of engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce safety risk faced by workers. The following are some protective measures suggested by OSHA’s confined space standard to safeguard workers while they work in confined spaces. These hazard control measures are especially important when the confined space is established as a permit space. Atmosphere Testing and Monitoring Before entering a confined space, it is important to test the atmosphere for the presence of hazardous gases. Testing of the air quality is also important as either low or high levels of oxygens are risky for workers’ health and safety. Depending on the level of toxins in the air, regular monitoring of the atmosphere will also be required as long as workers occupy a confined space. Testing of the atmosphere must be done using different devices as no one device can test for the different types of toxins present in the atmosphere. There are many types of air testing and monitoring devices including combustible gas indicators (CGIs), colorimetric tubes, electrochemical sensors, and other digital devices that help detect different types of toxic gases, oxygen levels, and flammability of the atmosphere. To minimize or remove the toxic atmosphere from confined spaces, and make it safer for worker occupation, methods such as purging, inerting, and ventilation can be used. However, when such actions are taken, employers should ensure that it is done carefully and aligned to stated OSHA guidelines. Furthermore, OSHA also guides on acceptable levels of toxins in the air as well as safe oxygen levels. Isolation This safety measure refers to isolating the hazards or risks from the workers entering the confined space to prevent any physical hazards prevalent in the space. Hence, if the confined space holds electronic, electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic devices; then methods include lockout/tagout, blanking or blinding, double block and bleed procedures, chaining valves, and barricading the space may be used to isolate these hazards and increase worker protection. If the confined space contains chemicals or other hazardous materials, then workers must be given the requisite training on the safe use of such toxic substances and these materials must be stored to reduce the possibility of unintentional spillage. Use of PPE Employers must also supply workers expected to enter and work in confined spaces with the requisite PPE depending on the identified dangers prevalent in the space. Respirators, protective clothes such as overalls, gloves, safety boots, and hard hats; and if working in a confined space at heights then fall protection equipment must also be provided. Workers should also be trained on the proper donning and doffing of PPE and understand the use of PPE, especially when provided with respirators or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) units. Stationing an Attendant at the Entrance to the Confined Space As per regulations, any permit-required confined space must have a full-time attendant outside this space as long as workers (known as entrants) occupy the confined space. Attendants’ duties include monitoring the safety of the entry of workers, monitoring the confined space atmosphere as required, alerting relevant personnel during an emergency, and assisting workers in the confined space during an emergency. Attendants must be given the proper training on the prevailing hazards and rescue and emergency protocols of a confined space. Developing Emergency and Rescue Procedures Employers must have a comprehensive plan in the case of an emergency in a confined space. Details should include what entrants and attendants must do in an emergency as well as the types of rescue operations to be used in different situations. All relevant equipment must be available for use, and all workers working in and around confined spaces must be given adequate training. Training to Safeguard Workers A recurring theme in most of the protective measures was for employers to provide comprehensive training for workers on the myriad aspects of working in confined spaces. While this article provides an overview of the protective measures required for protecting workers expected to enter and work in confined spaces, for in-depth understanding and learning, enroll in our OSHA Confined Space Awareness Training for the construction industry. We also provide this course on-site in person for larger groups. Call us for more information.

HAZMAT and HAZWOPER: What is the Difference? For employers and employees working with hazardous materials, dangerous substances, and other toxic chemicals, HAZMAT and HAZWOPER are important terms to note. Some workers may even use these acronyms interchangeably, which is not accurate. This can cause confusion amongst workers, especially when it comes to fulfilling job training requirements. With the many training courses required by the different agencies and regulatory bodies, choosing the correct training is important but also sometimes complicated for first-time employees working in hazardous waste operations or working with hazardous materials. We will try to de-mystify the terms HAZMAT and HAZWOPER, and also discuss the different online training programs available for employees working with hazardous wastes and hazardous materials. What is HAZWOPER? HAZWOPER stands for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response, a standard developed and managed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The HAZWOPER Standard aims to offer comprehensive guidance on worker safety and health when they handle or use HAZMAT, hazardous waste, or engage in emergency operations related to hazardous waste cleaning. So, essentially, HAZWOPER is the set of rules and regulations that provide guidance on the proper handling, storage, transportation, and clean-up of any type or form of hazardous materials. What is HAZMAT? HAZMAT, however, is an abbreviation commonly used for hazardous material. Sometimes written as HazMat or even hazmat, HAZMAT refers to biological or radiological substances, other toxic chemicals, or even nuclear waste in liquid, solid, gaseous, or any other form that is harmful to the health and safety of people, may cause property damage, or be a risk to the environment. Thus, HAZMAT refers to the hazardous material itself. Having understood the difference between HAZWOPER and HAZMAT, let us consider how workers working in hazardous waste operations and those working with hazardous materials (HAZMAT) should be trained. HAZWOPER Training Requirements As HAZWOPER is an OSHA-developed Standard, it specifies several training requirements for workers employed by hazardous waste site cleanup operations; companies involved in hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD facilities); and emergency response operations involving hazardous substance releases (OSHA, n.d). OSHA has segregated the HAZWOPER training into three major levels and specified a total of 18 training programs for different levels of exposure to hazardous waste as shown below. SECTION (E) SECTION (P) SECTION (Q) Training for general site workers engaged in operations conducted at hazardous waste sites that may or may not expose them to hazardous substances. Training for workers engaged in certain hazardous waste operations conducted under the RCRA and at treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facilities. Training for workers engaged in emergency response operations for release of, or substantial threat of release of, hazardous substances without regard to the location of the hazard. Six (6) HAZWOPER training courses fall under this section. Two (2) HAZWOPER training courses fall under this section. There are 5 levels of emergency responder training and 10 HAZWOPER training courses fall under this section. 1) 40-Hour HAZWOPER (e) – Initial 7) 24-hr TSDF Worker (p) – Initial 9) First Responder Awareness – Initial 2) 24-Hour HAZWOPER (e) – Initial 8) 8-Hour HAZWOPER (p) – Refresher 10) First Responder Operations – Initial 3) 16-Hour HAZWOPER (e) – Upgrade 11) Hazardous Materials Technician – Initial 4) 8-Hour HAZWOPER Supervisor (e) – Initial 12) Hazardous Materials Specialist – Initial 5) 8-Hour HAZWOPER (e) – Refresher 13) Incident Commander- Initial 6) 8-Hour HAZWOPER Supervisor (e) – Refresher 14) First Responder Awareness – Refresher 15) First Responder Operations – Refresher 16) Hazardous Materials Technician – Refresher 17) Hazardous Materials Specialist Refresher 18) Incident Commander – Refresher SECTION (E) SECTION (P) SECTION (Q) Training for general site workers engaged in operations conducted at hazardous waste sites that may or may not expose them to hazardous substances. Training for workers engaged in certain hazardous waste operations conducted under the RCRA and at treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facilities. Training for workers engaged in emergency response operations for release of, or substantial threat of release of, hazardous substances without regard to the location of the hazard. Six (6) HAZWOPER training courses fall under this section. Two (2) HAZWOPER training courses fall under this section. There are 5 levels of emergency responder training and 10 HAZWOPER training courses that fall under this section. 1) 40-Hour HAZWOPER (e) – Initial 7) 24-hr TSDF Worker (p) – Initial 9) First Responder Awareness – Initial 2) 24-Hour HAZWOPER (e) – Initial 8) 8-Hour HAZWOPER (p) – Refresher 10) First Responder Operations – Initial 3) 16-Hour HAZWOPER (e) – Upgrade 11) Hazardous Materials Technician – Initial 4) 8-Hour HAZWOPER Supervisor (e) – Initial 12) Hazardous Materials Specialist – Initial 5) 8-Hour HAZWOPER (e) – Refresher 13) Incident Commander- Initial 6) 8-Hour HAZWOPER Supervisor (e) – Refresher 14) First Responder Awareness – Refresher 15) First Responder Operations – Refresher 16) Hazardous Materials Technician – Refresher 17) Hazardous Materials Specialist Refresher 18) Incident Commander – Refresher The most basic of these training programs and one that the majority of workers working for HAZWOPER operations will undoubtedly undergo is the OSHA HAZWOPER 40-Hour initial training course. The other training programs are specific to supervisors, emergency responders, and those working with hazardous materials. Workers are also required to undergo annual HAZWOPER refresher training to ensure their knowledge remains relevant and up-to-date. RCRA Training As hazardous wastes are also under the purview of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the EPA has developed the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) to help with the proper management of hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste. The EPA has the authority to control hazardous waste across all stages of existence, from generation through to its treatment, storage, and disposal. In effect, the EPA takes a ‘cradle-to-grave’ approach to hazardous waste management. Thus, employees working in hazardous waste operations must understand and comply with these rules, regulations, and guidelines. Resultantly, there is a dedicated RCRA Hazardous Waste Generator Training and RCRA Hazardous Waste Generator Refresher Training for employees involved in hazardous waste operations. HAZMAT Training As HAZMAT means hazardous materials, is there any specific training that employees must undergo? It is worth noting that any workers working in any industry, including construction, mining, medical, maritime, and shipbuilding; and expected to work with hazardous materials such as asbestos, hydrogen sulfide, silica, lead, bloodborne pathogens, etc., must be trained and aware of the dangers of working with hazardous substances and chemicals as well as methods to reduce exposure. DOT HAZMAT Training Then, there is also DOT HAZMAT training. Sometimes industry professionals may refer to this as HAZMAT training, my omitting ‘DOT’. DOT which is the acronym for the U.S. Department of Transportation has a set of rules and regulations in place for the transportation of hazardous materials by highway, rail, air, or sea. The DOT HAZMAT training gives guidance on how to safely transport hazardous materials in-country as well as the formalities and practices that must be followed when importing and exporting hazardous substances. In effect, the DOT HAZMAT training is function-specific training. Those involved in hazardous waste transport operations must undergo the relevant training to be aware of the relevant regulatory requirements when transporting HAZMAT. Here's the list of DOT Hazmat Transportation Training courses offered by us. The Right Training for the Right Type of Hazardous Work First, it is important to understand the different types of training required by the different governing bodies — OSHA’s HAZWOPER Standard, the EPA’s RCRA, and the DOT. Then, depending on the work being carried out as well as the stage at which the worker is involved when handling hazardous wastes, the correct training course must be chosen. Sometimes, to complete all the diverse training requirements required by various job tasks and job roles, workers may have to undertake multiple training courses This will ensure that training covers diverse topics to be fully conversant with the relevant laws, regulations, guidelines, frameworks, systems, and most importantly, relevant health and safety protocols and procedures. We offer a gamut of HAZWOPER and OSHA-compliant training programs in addition to the RCRA Waste Generator Training courses. Click here for more information.   References OSHA. (n.d). Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER). Background. Website. https://www.osha.gov/emergency-preparedness/hazardous-waste-operations

What is GHS and what is its Connection with OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard? Everyone working in risky occupations and with hazardous chemicals should be familiar with OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard, or at the least, the parts that apply to their work responsibilities. Now, we also have GHS in the mix. So, what is GHS and why do so many training programs emphasize Hazard Communication with GHS? More importantly, what is OSHA’s connection to GHS? GHS Explained GHS stands for the ‘Globally Harmonized System of the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals’. GHS was developed by the United Nations to standardize the way in which chemicals are labeled and recognized across different countries so that there would be uniformity in the identification and understanding of the dangers associated with toxic chemicals that are exported and imported to and from different countries. In effect, the GHS acts as a standardized guideline for labeling and classifying chemicals from manufacture through to transportation, distribution, and handling of these chemicals when used in various industries and the production of goods.  The GHS will help to; Define the health, physical, and environmental hazards of chemicals; Create a classification process for chemicals by using available data for comparing with the defined hazard criteria; and Direct the communication of the hazard information and related protective measures by using appropriate labeling criteria and by developing Safety Data Sheets (SDSs); and providing established symbols and language that can be used for each hazard class and hazard category. The GHS is often referred to as the ‘The Purple Book’ (likely, because of its color) and can be used by countries to develop or modify existing chemical hazard classifications. While it is not standard or law, the GHS is a helpful tool, giving comprehensive guidance to chemical manufacturers and suppliers to ascertain and determine the hazard levels of their products and use a regimented framework for the preparation of labels and SDSs. OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard, abbreviated as HCS, was developed to ensure all chemicals produced or imported into the United States are classified and the pertinent information regarding chemicals and related chemical hazards are shared with employers and employees. This means that chemical manufacturers, importers, and distributors are obligated to share information on the dangers of these toxic chemicals and their compositions with people using these chemicals. Similarly, employers are also expected to provide data, and train employees on the different dangers of chemicals being used in the workplace. Relevant and complete chemical information must be transferred from the point of chemical manufacture and downstream to the chemical user and the employee. The HCS applies across industries and occupations in which workers use or are exposed to hazardous chemicals, including the construction industry, shipyards, marine terminals, longshoring, and other general industries. GHS and HCS Now that we have grasped the difference between GHS and HCS, let us understand the interlinked relationship between the GHS guidelines and OSHA’s revised HCS. When the United States officially adopted the GHS in 2012, OSHA also adopted the GHS framework to further safeguard the health and safety of employees working with and handling chemicals as part of their job tasks. In order to align the HCS with the GHS, OSHA revised its Hazard Communication Standard, known as ‘HazCom 2012’. By taking this proactive step, OSHA has not only increased protection efforts towards workers from chemical exposure but helped reduce the confusion of having the same chemical marked with different hazard levels or other contradictory requirements. Furthermore, by aligning with the GHS, OSHA has also accommodated greater ease for the import and export of chemicals between other countries and the United States. This is because there is now a cohesive approach to communicating hazard information on labels and safety data sheets across borders. Besides, by doing this, OSHA has also encouraged employers to improve their hazard communication programs and ensure employees now comprehend chemical hazards and relevant protective measures. Some Key Changes of the HCS 2012 Since the revision, the focus of the HSC is to empower employees by giving them the ‘right to understand’ the risks of working with hazardous chemicals. Thus, the main changes of the HCS are concentrated in these five areas that have been modified to accommodate the GHS guidelines and systems for chemical classification. Hazard Classification – must now follow specific criteria for the classification of health and physical hazards; Labels – aligned to GHS guidelines that have six standardized elements that include a harmonized signal word, pictogram, and hazard statement for each hazard class and category, as well as the necessity to provide precautionary statements; Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) – aligned to GHS where the information must be strictly laid-out and adhere to the specified 16-section format of the SDS; Training for Employees – must now include comprehensive understanding and recognition of the new labeling format and safety data sheets structure, and The need for a Written Hazard Communication Program. Resultantly, the HCS now facilitates a cohesive hazard communication process by requiring both Labels and SDSs of chemicals to follow a standardized format and by developing consistent criteria to be applied to chemical classifications based on their physical and health hazards. Learn More about GHS and HCS This article gives a brief overview of the interconnectedness of OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard with the GHS. To learn more, especially, the details of how to classify chemicals and hazards, what rules to follow, and how to read and understand chemical labels and Safety Data Sheet information, enroll in our OSHA Hazard Communication with GHS training program, and be more conversant and confident to handle chemical hazards and exposures in the workplace.

Expired HAZWOPER 40, 24, and 8 Hour Training CertificationsWhat to do if Your HAZWOPER 40-Hour, 24-Hour, or 8-Hour Refresher Training Certificate Expires?All HAZWOPER workers are well aware that it is important to keep their OSHA 40 hour and 24-hour HAZWOPER training up to date. However, while we know that we must take the 8-Hour HAZWOPER Refresher training course annually, as is human nature, we sometimes forget the time has come and gone! Hence, there are many instances when workers face the situation where their 40 hour or 24-hour HAZWOPER training completion certificate has expired as they were unable to complete the 8-hour Refresher training program within 12 months of completing their initial HAZWOPER training. It is also common for workers’ 8-hour Refresher HAZWOPER training completion certificates to have lapsed. So, what happens when one of these HAZWOPER training certificates expires? Does this mean that the worker must take the initial 40 hour or 24-hour HAZWOPER training program again? Or will sitting for the 8-hour refresher training suffice? Does OSHA give some leeway and allow workers to renew lapsed HAZWOPER training certificates?Let’s find out what OSHA has to say by using a few scenarios.Training Requirement for Lapsed HAZWOPER Training CertificatesOSHA, in its HAZWOPER Standard FAQs section on its website, and in a Standard Interpretation Letter dated March 12, 1993, guides the type of HAZWOPER training requirements when workers’ certificates lapse or expire due to various reasons.Scenario 1:Gary and Ellen have been working in the hazardous waste industry for quite some time. They are both experienced hazardous waste workers and are also capable and remain active in their jobs. Both of them had to complete their annual 8-hour HAZWOPER refresher training on or before   January 15, 2021. However, things got away from Gary and Ellen fell ill, resulting in both of them missing their deadline for renewing their HAZWOPER training certificate. What can they do now?A: As both Gary and Ellen are familiar with their workplace and the relevant safety and health processes and procedures at their workplace and job site, although their refresher training has lapsed and the certificate expired, they can repeat the 8-hour HAZWOPER refresher training course. However, the employer must make a note of the delay and when the training will be completed in their employee records (OSHA, n.d.).NOTE: The general rule is to complete the 8-hour HAZWOPER refresher training on or before the anniversary date of the worker’s initial training.Scenario 2:Peter completed the 40-hour and Jane the 24-hour HAZWOPER training course in December 2019. They know they needed to complete their refresher training within 12 months of completing their initial HAZWOPER training. However, they both forgot to take the refresher course in December 2020. It is now January 2021. What should they do?A: In this case too, Peter and Jane will both have to take the 8-hour HAZWOPER refresher training. OSHA in its Standard Interpretation Letter states, “The employee who misses a refresher training should attend the next available refresher course. Please note that in some states operating their own OSHA-approved state safety and health program, refresher training must be completed by the exact anniversary of the initial training” (OSHA 1993, paragraph 4).Scenario 3:Crawford has been working in hazardous waste operations for one year and completed his initial training before he began work. Drew has been working in the hazardous waste industry for the last two years. Both were due to take the 8-hour HAZWOPER refresher training course on or before the end of November 2020. Both missed their refresher training deadline, and their training certification has lapsed. Crawford and Drew have also been making mistakes in following protocols at the worksite in the few months. What training requirement must they now fulfill?A: As Crawford’s initial HAZWOPER training certificate has lapsed and he is also making mistakes, his employer may require him to retake the initial HAZWOPER training course. Although Drew would have taken the 8-hour refresher training in the previous year, due to the errors in following protocols and procedures, his employer may realize a need for additional training, thereby requiring that Drew also retake either the 40-hour or 24-hour initial HAZWOPER training course.Scenario 4:Junius has not worked in hazardous waste operations for some time now (about 2 years). When he used to work in the industry in the past, he did complete both the initial HAZWOPER training and the refresher 8-hour HAZWOPER training. Now, that he has decided to return to work, which training program must he complete – the 40-hour, 24-hour, or 8-hour refresher? A: The need for the training based on absence from working in hazardous waste operations must be decided on a case-by-case basis. If employees can demonstrate competency then retraining is not required. Consider the following to better understand an employee’s training needs after an absence.What is Junius’s capabilities regarding ‘information retention’?Whether Junius worked for a considerable period in the hazardous waste industry in the past? As more time spent working in the industry would result in greater retention of information and knowledge.It is important to also consider the relevance of the past training that Junius completed. Have there been any significant changes in the standard and the requirement for training by OSHA in the last two years?Also, consider the specific work tasks and activities that Junius will do now? Is it significantly different from what he did in the past?Also, consider the difference in operations and processes between his previous employer and the current employer.OSHA’s Standard Interpretation Letter also states, “In many cases, a two-year absence from hazardous waste work would not necessitate repetition of the course materials of the initial 24-hour or 40-hour training, and refresher training by itself could be sufficient. However, a seven-year absence would clearly indicate a need for extensive retraining, with particular attention given to new technology. In such cases, the employer may wish to consider repeating the initial [HAZWOPER] training course” (1993, paragraph 7).If Junius had been away for more than three or four years, then his employer may decide that he needs to repeat a lot of the initial training to ensure the necessary skills and knowledge to work again in the hazardous waste industry. Thus, the training requirement would exceed more than the 8-Hour refresher training. However, the determination of the length of the training requirement is left to his employer.As Junius is a new employee, the employer is still required to provide site-specific training and supervised field experience before he starts working.Enroll for Training: Do Let Your HAZWOPER Training Certificate Lapse!We offer all five HAZWOPER Level (e) Training courses.OSHA 40-Hour HAZWOPEROSHA 24-Hour HAZWOPEROSHA 8-Hour HAZWOPER RefresherOSHA 8-Hour HAZWOPER SupervisorOSHA 8-Hour HAZWOPER Supervisor RefresherMake your choice based on employer requirements and enroll here today! Reference:OSHA. (n.d.). HAZWOPER Training FAQs. Website. https://www.osha.gov/emergency-preparedness/hazardous-waste-operations/faq-hazpower#faq4OSHA. (1993). Standard Interpretation Letter (from Jim Heringer, Administrator Corporate Industrial Hygiene and Safety, Harding Lawson Associates). Website. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/1993-03-12

Inherent Dangers of Working in a Confined Space What comes to mind when you hear the term ‘confined space’? A small area. Not enough area to do something or keep something. Limited area to work in. Well, all these descriptions would be acceptable for a layman. However, employees who regularly or periodically work in a confined space would most likely explain a confined space as an area that has limited access and may not necessarily be designed to be used by people, but may nevertheless, be used by workers who are required to carry out certain specified job tasks within such an area (OSHA, n.d.). From this explanation, we also realize that a confined space is not restricted to any one occupation or industry. Confined spaces are found in most workplaces, as well as in schools, offices, homes, and even in ships and cargo vessels. Here are some examples of confined spaces: HVAC Ducts, Crawl Spaces, Underground Tanks, Manholes, Attics, Ceilings, Concrete Pier Columns, Turbines, and Drilled Shafts. What is a Confined Space? This explanation given above is very much aligned with what the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) describes as a confined space. According to OSHA, to designate an area as a confined space, this area must meet the following three criteria. Be large enough and so configured that an employee can fully enter it; Have limited or restricted means of entry and exit; and Not be designed for continuous occupancy (OSHA, n.d.). Furthermore, confined spaces are generally grouped into the following two categories: Open-top enclosures that are deep enough to restrict the natural flow of air (e.g., pits and excavations). Areas with limited entry and exit points (e.g., silos, tanks, storm drains, silos, elevator shafts, and transformers). Confined Space Hazards Employees working in confined spaces are faced with myriad hazards including noxious vapor, fires, explosions, and lack of oxygen, as well as physical hazards. The dangerous circumstances workers encounter is linked to the type of work processes being done, the materials and tools being used, the goods being stored, and the general environment of the space. Besides, there can be instances when atmosphere contamination may occur due to manufacturing processes and other activities being carried-out nearby producing poisonous gases that invade and collect in confined spaces. If confined spaces are below ground such as underground pipelines or drill holes, then there is also the possibility for natural gas leakage from the earth being collected in such areas. Sometimes, the prevalent hazards in confined spaces are not easily seen. For example, a fire can suddenly occur due to a spark from welding work igniting a rag or a flammable chemical used or stored in the space, or a gasoline leak may occur and seep into a confined space. We can broadly divide confined space hazards as atmospheric hazards and physical hazards. These two groups of hazards are further explained below. Atmospheric Hazards There are four main types of atmospheric hazards. These are briefly explained below with some details as given in OSHA’s standard for confined spaces in the construction industry. Flammable Atmosphere – This type of atmosphere would usually contain flammable gas, vapor, or mist which has a higher probability of igniting due to the quantity in the atmosphere exceeding 10 percent of its lower flammable limit (LFL). Toxic Atmosphere – According to OSHA’s standard for confined spaces, this type of atmosphere is immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) as it is contaminated with a poisonous gas that is above the permissible exposure limit (PEL) and can cause physical harm to humans. Such toxic gases are generally categorized as an asphyxiant or irritant. Oxygen-Deficient or Oxygen-Enriched Atmosphere – This condition is quite self-explanatory. While human beings require oxygen to breathe, less oxygen, as well as excess oxygen, can both be harmful to human health. Furthermore, such atmospheres can also cause non-physical hazards in confined spaces. However, it must be noted that OSHA specifies when an atmosphere may be considered oxygen-deficient (when oxygen concentration is below 19.5 percent) and when it is considered oxygen-enriched (over 23.5 percent). Airborne Combustible Dust Particles in the Atmosphere – This causes issues of lowered vision which can lead to accidents and due to the dust being combustible, there is a probability that a fire or explosion may occur. Again, OSHA specifies that the dust concentration level would be considered hazardous only when it meets or exceeds its LFL which is set at the point where a person is unable to see past 5 feet ahead. Physical Hazards Many types of physical hazards can occur in a confined space causing serious injuries to workers’ health. These include: Explosions – A flammable atmosphere or use of flammable chemicals and fire-causing processes may cause an explosion resulting in the death of a worker, the worker being seriously burned, or at the very least, suffering from smoke inhalation. Engulfment – This is where a worker may be drowned by what is stored in a confined space. For example; a grain load falling on a worker doing some repair work in a silo and causing the grain dust to be inhaled and blocking his respiratory system making it difficult to breathe. Radiation - Exposure to radioactive materials. Very High or Very Low Temperatures – Due to the criteria of a confined space as well as the possibility that it is located underground, there can be sudden and extreme temperature changes from very hot to very cold causing discomfort to workers at the minimum or causing health injuries such as frostbite, hypothermia, or heat-stroke. The Collapse of the Space – When workers are working in tunnels, trenches, or excavations, there is a possibility of these collapsing, thereby trapping the worker. Exposure to Chemical Substances – Some chemicals are known to cause harm to human health and workers who accidentally inhale or touch these substances may suffer from physical injuries. OSHA gives extensive guidance on both atmospheric hazards and physical hazards that can occur in a confined space. Those who are expected to work in confined spaces must undergo the requisite training. Our online training program on confined space awareness for the construction industry includes a lesson dedicated to confined space hazards with considerable details on both physical and atmospheric hazards. Preparing Workers to Work in Confined Spaces When employees work in such confined spaces or must enter them in order to do some specific job tasks, they are exposed to many dangers and face myriad challenges. The level of these hazards for workers would increase when these confined spaces are located on construction sites, mines, sites which store or handle hazardous substances, or even in places like oil rigs and roadwork operations. Thus, workers must understand the risks associated with working in confined spaces as well as grasp the criticality of adhering to confined space procedures. This is why OSHA has dedicated confined space standards for workers in the construction industry, general industry, and the maritime industry. One aspect of safeguarding workers' health and ensuring their safety is to give them adequate training. We offer an information-rich online training program for OSHA Confined Space Awareness Training for those people employed in the construction industry and expected to enter a confined space.   Reference OSHA. (n.d.). Confined Spaces. Website. https://www.osha.gov/confined-spaces

Main Differences Between the HAZWOPER 40-Hour and 24-HourTraining ProgramsWe have all heard of OSHA, and often hear mention of HAZWOPER in conjunction. So, what is HAZWOPER? HAZWOPER stands for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response and is a significant set of regulations developed by OSHA for the health and safety of personnel employed in hazardous waste operations as well as emergency response personnel who may be called in instances of the release of a toxic substance or related accidents, and those involved in cleaning up hazardous waste sites.Of course, as part of the requirements of the HAZWOPER standard, OSHA requires employers to train employees before starting work in hazardous waste operations and retrain them annually thereafter. OSHA has identified several levels of HAZWOPER training depending on the employee’s job tasks and responsibilities. However, the most sought-after and popular HAZWOPER training remains the initial HAZWOPER 40 Hour training and the initial HAZWOPER 24 Hour training.Still, the differences and who should enroll, and take which of these two courses can be confusing for many of us. This article puts into context the main differences between the 40-hour and 24-hour HAZWOPER training and provides guidance to enable a clearer understanding of the appropriate online training course to take.40 Hour HAZWOPER Training vs. 24 Hour HAZWOPER Training 40 Hour HAZWOPER24 Hour HAZWOPERWho Should Take the Course?General site workers who are engaged in hazardous material removal or other activities that could expose or potentially expose them to hazardous substances.Workers who are exposed to contaminated substances at hazardous waste sites that exceed the Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) and hence, must wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).Workers who are engaged in the storage and treatment of hazardous substances.General site workers who come in contact with hazardous substances occasionally and are not involved in hazardous waste clean-up operations.Workers who work at hazardous sites occasionally for a specified task and are not exposed to hazardous substances at or above the Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs).Workers who are regularly on hazardous waste site but work in areas which have been monitored and fully characterized, meaning the hazard exposures at these work sites are declared to be under PELs and published exposure limits Why is HAZWOPER Training Important?To comply with OSHA requirements.To comply with State and employer requirements.Because you work with hazardous substances occasionally and must be aware of the prevalent hazards and protections.To safeguard your health in case of an emergency.To prevent accidents and injuries to yourself and others.To comply with OSHA requirements.To comply with State and employer requirements.Because you work with hazardous substances regularly and must know what type of PPE to use and how to properly use PPE.To safeguard your health in case of an emergency.To prevent accidents and injuries to yourself and others.To ensure the safety of employees involved in cleanup operations on hazardous sites. Topics CoveredTopics covered for both training programs are similar. The difference is in the details and depth of the information contained in each of the courses. Course ContentUnderstanding of the regulations and OSHA HAZWOPER standard, the importance of an effective workplace health and safety plan, as well as how to identify potentially hazardous situations, classify hazards, and characterize work sites.An explanation of the basic principles of toxicology, chemical exposure, decontamination, confined spaces, and the components of an effective Medical Surveillance Program.An understanding of the uses of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and how to identify and select the correct PPE related to a particular worksite.An understanding of the various considerations in an emergency and the training and actions needed for personnel safety and the safety of others.How to recognize the hazard detection and monitoring tools available to the worker.To comply with OSHA requirements.New workers employed in hazardous waste operations.Workers involved in groundwater monitoring, land surveying, or geophysical surveying and expected to work on a hazardous waste site.On-site incident commandersOn-site managers and supervisors directly responsible for, or who supervise employees.Anyone needing to fulfill the 24-hour HAZWOPER training requirement. Examples of Workers who require the HAZWOPER certificationWorkers who handle contaminated waste, soil, water, etc.Workers who handle tanks that store/treat and pipes which pump in/out contaminated waste.Workers who may work near sites that release contaminated waste.Workers who may work near sites that are contaminated such as hazardous waste treatment plants.Clean-up operations crews of hazardous waste sites.Workers who work with emergency response teams which handle or may be exposed to contaminated substances.Workers who work at a listed or proposed for the listing site under the Superfund National Priority List (NPL).Workers who conduct operations at corrective action sites under the purview of U.S. EPA's Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).New workers employed in hazardous waste operations.Workers involved in groundwater monitoring, land surveying, or geophysical surveying and expected to work on a hazardous waste site.On-site incident commandersOn-site managers and supervisors directly responsible for, or who supervise employees.Anyone needing to fulfill the 24-hour HAZWOPER training requirement.Technicians, assistants, specialists, and other workers involved in handling hazardous materials. Is online training only enough?OSHA requires that workers must have 40 hours of initial training (online, instructor-led, or group in-person) and at least three days of actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.OSHA requires that workers must have 24 hours of initial training( online, instructor-led, or group in-person) and one day of actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.Next Step: Online Training, Virtual Instructor-Led Training, or In-Person Group TrainingNow that you understand the main differences between the 24-hour and 40-hour HAZWOPER training courses, the next step is comparatively easy. It is time to enroll in the appropriate HAZWOPER training program.Here are the links for the online HAZWOPER training courses:OSHA 40-Hour HAZWOPER Training CourseOSHA 24-Hour HAZWOPER Training CourseFor information on in-person on-site group training or virtual instructor-led training, send us an email or call us.

Seven Safety Ideas for the Workplace Safety Professionals Must ImplementThose who watch a lot of movies must have caught a scene with a large signboard that says “X days without an accident”, or someone dying or getting crippled due to a workplace accident. Well, such cases do happen and occur quite frequently if safety in the workplace is not ensured. Organizations have to provide a safe, secure, and engaging workplace for their employees. If they don’t do so, not only are employees harmed during work, but organizations are also heavily fined by regulatory agencies such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). As a result, the topic of workplace safety is a concern for all employers and is discussed quite frequently, as is how it can be improved. With that out of the way, let’s take a look at some safety ideas for the workplace that can be used by safety professionals and responsible organizations.These ideas can serve as valuable safety talk topics to raise awareness and promote a culture of safety in the workplaceSeven Safety Ideas for the WorkplaceHere are seven safety suggestions examples for workplace: Provide effective and engaging training regularlyYes, this is one of the oldest tricks in the book, While training is often touted as key, many overlook a crucial aspect: the need to make training sessions engaging, fun, and interactive. One of the biggest complaints employees have about training is that it can be tedious and often boring. Make sure that the ones you provide are short, concise, and engaging. State serious facts, but also highlight the benefits of being responsible for their own safety. Provide regular and short training sessions where employees can share their stories as to how they experienced a near miss and how they ensure their own safety, for example. Also, ensure that whenever new materials, equipment, or processes are used, training is provided at the earliest opportunity.HAZWOPER OSHA LLC provides many OSHA-compliant online training programs - from the 40 hour- and 24-hour HAZWOPER training courses to safety training for workers in the construction industry such as fall protection, scaffolding safety, lead awareness, asbestos awareness, and excavations and trenching safety. Explore our website to discover the full range of OSHA-compliant online training programs covering essential safety topics. Reward responsible employeesOne of the more effective safety ideas for the workplace, rewarding those who are responsible can go a long way. One of the biggest benefits is that others get inspired and follow the footsteps of responsible employees. For instance, you can single out the responsible employee(s) with an appreciation post, provide them meaningful rewards, etc. Keeping everything cleanYes, keeping surfaces, platforms, and workspaces clean can reduce workplace injuries significantly. In fact, a lot of injuries occur because of spills, tangled wiring, messy floors, and debris. While some of the injuries from these situations might not be significant, an organization is still accountable for ensuring workplace safety. Keep everything clean, and when not possible, simply place signs around the messy surfaces or environments to attract attention to the dangers they pose.Encouraging employees to share safety ideas and best practices can also help foster a culture of safety awareness and collaboration. Ensure employees take small breaksWorking constantly can cause a significant amount of stress, leading to injuries, and also causing illnesses down the line. One of the most common complaints is back pain, which arises from sitting in one position at the workplace for long periods. One of the newer safety ideas for the workplace is encouraging employees to take short breaks. Even ten-minute long breaks can not only break the monotony but also help employees stretch their muscles, something that can alleviate the effects of sitting in a single place for a long time. Hire experienced safety professionalsWorkplace safety is extremely crucial for any organization, and the rising popularity of safety professionals is proof of that. Hire professionals who are well-versed with OSHA regulations and can help improve workplace safety. Not only can they come up with effective safety protocols that fit your organization’s needs, but they also continuously monitor to detect any areas for improvement while ensuring OSHA compliance.Inspect the workplace regularlyOne common misconception organizations have is that ensuring workplace safety is a non-recurring activity. In fact, it is a continuous process that might need changes down the line. New processes, equipment, materials, and machinery might be introduced to employees, and this might make the previous efforts obsolete. Thus, periodically inspect the workplace to see if there are new or existing gaps that might lead to workplace injuries or illnesses. Moreover, encourage employees to report any incidents, even if they are near misses. One single incident can lead to a plethora of problems down the line - loss of life, reputation, OSHA violations, and unwanted publicity are just some such consequences. Implement a solution that fits your needs and helps streamline complianceSafety Assure is a simple but powerful OSHA recordkeeping software that helps organizations and safety professionals streamline OSHA compliance and reduce the administrative burden of using their smartphones. With a host of useful modules, Safety Assure can help reduce workplace incidents, improve compliance efforts, and boost the bottom lines. It helps conduct training sessions, reduces paperwork, and keeps everything in a centralized location. Employees can help reduce workplace incidents, accidents, and near misses by using the application’s incident reporting tool right from their smartphones. Safety Assure helps reduce response times, identify common areas or scenarios that generate injuries, and help the management implement corrective actions. Streamline OSHA compliance, reduce unnecessary costs, and minimize workplace injuries with Safety Assure.

Scaffolding Hazards and Safety MeasuresLast week, our blog focused on the types of scaffolds. We also defined what a scaffold is and briefly touched on scaffolding safety. Today’s article is dedicated to the various types of scaffolding hazards that construction workers and other workers who use, assemble, dismantle, repair, maintain, move, or inspect scaffolds may face. Besides, workers working close to, below, or around scaffolding must also be trained and given knowledge of the scaffolding hazards that they may face.Consequently, the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) provides extensive guidance on scaffolding safety.Importance of Scaffolding SafetyScaffolding safety is critical as working on scaffolds results in workers working at heights. When working at heights, there are many dangers that workers may face. According to OSHA, nearly 65 percent of construction workers equivalent to 2.3 million people work on scaffolds (n.d.). With proper preventive measures, as many as 4,500 scaffolding-related injuries could be averted (n.d.). According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), between 2003 and 2004, as many as 4,500 people working on scaffolding were injured, while more than 60 were killed annually. Even more interesting is that the majority of these scaffolding accidents are attributed to workers falling from scaffolds or being struck by falling objects, or due to scaffolding collapses due to improper planking.The data above highlights the importance of employers and employees both taking scaffolding safety seriously. As such employers should provide employees with adequate training constituting online and/or classroom training, as well as on-site/on-the-job training to ensure that workers who work on scaffolds as part of their work tasks are well-aware of the myriad scaffolding hazards and are knowledgeable on how to best avoid and prevent such scaffolding hazards from occurring.Four Major Types of Scaffolding HazardsThere are four major types of scaffolding hazards that workers should be mindful of. These are falling, struck by, electrocution, and scaffold collapse.Falling from ScaffoldsWorking on scaffolding requires workers to work at heights. As a result, there is ample opportunity for workers to fall off a scaffolding. Workers can fall off a scaffold due to many reasons, from lack of guardrails to slipping or tripping on slippery substances, wearing inappropriate footwear, or even due to tools or other debris lying on scaffolding surfaces. Workers can also fall from scaffolding when they are entering or getting off scaffolding if the access being used is not according to OSHA specifications.Another way in which a person can fall from scaffolding is when working on a scaffold in winter, in wet weather conditions, or in unfavorable weather conditions. The risk to workers is increased mainly due to ice formation, snow turning to sludge, water puddles, or high wind conditions that may result in fall, slip, and trip hazards.Struck by Falling ObjectsWhen working on scaffolding workers must also take care that they are not struck-by falling objects or materials from a higher level. Not only are workers on lower levels at risk from this type of scaffolding hazard, but other construction personnel working in proximity to scaffolding are also in danger of getting hit by a falling object such as a tool, a paint can, or even a brick.ElectrocutionElectrical hazards are prevalent when working on scaffolds as workers may have to undertake welding, cutting, or other hot work while being stationed on a scaffold. Hence, workers must ensure to follow the guidelines given by OSHA’s Scaffolding Standard for electrical work on scaffolding and beware of electrocution hazards that can occur on the different types of scaffolds depending on the type of work being carried out. When scaffolds are built of metal, electrocution hazards are more imminent! Also note, that building scaffolds close to energized powerlines are frowned upon. OSHA has a set of rules for maintaining appropriate clearance distances between scaffolds and powerlines to ensure worker safety and avoid electrocution hazards.Scaffolding CollapsesWhen scaffolds are not built to specifications there is a danger that the scaffold can collapse. There are different regulations for different types of scaffolds that OSHA recommends. A suspended scaffold should use strong ropes and be securely attached to a permanent structure. The tiebacks,  wire rope clips, counterweights, hoists, and locking system should be inspected by a competent person as recommended by OSHA regulations to ensure that using such scaffolds will not endanger workers’ lives.When erecting supported scaffolds, OSHA provides detailed guidance on how to construct platforms including:the type of planking to be used – wood, metal, fabricated planks;the condition of the wood and the type of wood to use for wooden planks;Lumber grading requirements;the spacing between planks;how the planks should be laid to form a strong platform;the allowable spans - meaning the distance allowed between supports;the allowable deflection – meaning the bend of the work platform;the gaps between supports and planks;how to restrain scaffolding with guys, ties, and braces;the width and length of platforms;types of finishes to be used on wood platforms; andthe compatibility of components used in scaffolding, among others.For both suspension scaffolds and supported scaffolds, following the recommended load capacity is imperative as overloaded scaffolds can collapse or tilt.Safety MeasuresNow that we have got a good idea as to the main hazards associated with working on and using scaffolding, let us see what scaffolding safety measures are available to safeguard the safety and health of employees. Note that most of these are derived from OSHA’s Scaffolding Standard, which is the best way to protect workers' health and safety from all types of scaffolding hazards.Fall ProtectionUsing personal fall arrest systemsInstalling guardrails, mid-rails, and top rails in both suspended and supported scaffolds on all open sidesUsing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as hardhats, anti-slip boots, etc.Not working on scaffolds that are covered in snow piles, or have been iced over in winter before clearing has taken placeNot working on scaffolds during snowstorms, thunderstorms, or high wind conditionsFalling Objects ProtectionUsing PPE such as hardhatsInstalling toe-boards or screens so that materials and objects do not slide off the scaffolding platformEnsuring the guardrail systems maintain small openings to prevent objects from slipping offErecting debris nets, catch platforms, or canopies to stop or redirect the falling objectsEnsuring that hand tools and other objects are kept away from the edge of the scaffoldElectrocution ProtectionFollowing OSHA recommendations regarding:Maintaining distances between a scaffold and insulated powerlinesUndertaking welding and other types of electrical work on the different types of scaffoldingWearing PPE such as rubber glovesNot working on scaffolds in bad weather conditions, especially electrical or thunderstormsSafeguards Against Scaffolds CollapsingFollowing OSHA’s Scaffolding Safety Standard recommendations and guidelines:on building scaffoldson using scaffoldson dismantling scaffoldsEnsuring the scaffold is designed by a qualified personEnsuring the scaffold is inspected by a competent person daily before work beginsWorker TrainingAs mentioned at the start of this article, worker training is an important element of scaffolding safety. Make sure workers who are expected to use or work on scaffolding have adequate knowledge about the types of scaffolds, the general requirements for scaffolding, how to safely access scaffolding, fall protection and other hazards of scaffolding, scaffolding safety measures to use, and the requirements for specific types of scaffolds should be part of the overall worker training program.Our OSHA Scaffolding Safety course for construction workers is developed based on OSHA’s Scaffolding Regulations as codified in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L.Take this opportunity and enroll in our program to work safely and securely on scaffolds and avoid being exposed to scaffolding hazards.  References:OSHA. (n.d.). Scaffolding. Website. [PDF]. https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/notes.pdf